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On Aug. 13, 2010, President Obama
signed into law Public Law 111-230, which contains provisions to
increase certain H-1B and L-1 petition fees. Effective immediately,
Public Law 111-230 requires the submission of an additional fee of
$2,000 for certain H-1B petitions and $2,250 for certain L-1A and L-1B
petitions postmarked on or after Aug. 14, 2010, and will remain in
effect through Sept. 30, 2014.
These additional fees apply to
petitioners who employ 50 or more employees in the United States with
more than 50 percent of its employees in the United States in H-1B or L
(including L-1A, L-1B and L-2) nonimmigrant status. Petitioners meeting
these criteria must submit the fee with an H-1B or L-1 petition filed:
- Initially
to grant an alien nonimmigrant status described in subparagraph
(H)(i)(b) or (L) of section 101(a)(15), or
- To obtain
authorization for an alien having such status to change employers.
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Eine
Verwaltungsentscheidung des U.S.-Arbeitsministeriums vom Juni 2010 schaffte Klarheit über die Erstattung der Zeit des Ein- und
Auskleidens von nicht-gewerkschaftlich organisierten Arbeitnehmern.
Abschnitt
3(o) des Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
sieht vor, dass Zeit zum “Umziehen von Kleidung oder Waschen zu
Beginn oder Ende jedes Arbeitstages” je nach tarifvertraglicher
Bestimmung nicht unbedingt ausgeglichen werden muss. Ausnahme bildet
jedoch das An- und Ausziehen von Sicherheits- und Sanitärausrüstung,
die nach überwiegender Auffassung nicht als „Kleidung“ im Sinne
des Abschnitt 3(o) FLSA gilt.
Eine
weiter Ausnahme kann angenommen werden,
wenn das Umziehen Teil der „Haupttätigkeit“ eines Arbeitnehmers
ist, d.h. einen wesentlichen und unabdingbaren Bestandteil der Arbeit
darstellt. Eine Entscheidung hierüber ist im Einzelfall zu treffen.
Obigem
Verwaltungsentscheidung zufolge, soll diese eigentlich explizit auf
das Arbeitgeber-Gewerkschaft-Verhältnis gerichtete Regelung nun auch
als richtungweisend für die Entlohnung gewerkschaftlich ungebundener
Arbeitnehmer gelten und somit maßgeblich für alle Arbeitgeber in
den USA sein.
Siehe unter "weiter" Hintergrund zum FLSA.
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A. STATUTORY NUMBERS
1. This bulletin summarizes the availability of immigrant numbers during September. Consular officers are required to report to the Department of State documentarily qualified applicants for numerically limited visas; the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services in the Department of Homeland Security reports applicants for adjustment of status. Allocations were made, to the extent possible under the numerical limitations, for the demand received by August 9th in the chronological order of the reported priority dates. If the demand could not be satisfied within the statutory or regulatory limits, the category or foreign state in which demand was excessive was deemed oversubscribed. The cut-off date for an oversubscribed category is the priority date of the first applicant who could not be reached within the numerical limits.
Only applicants who have a priority date earlier than the cut-off date may be allotted a number. Immediately that it becomes necessary during the monthly allocation process to retrogress a cut-off date, supplemental requests for numbers will be honored only if the priority date falls within the new cut-off date which has been announced in this bulletin.
2. The fiscal year 2010 limit for family-sponsored preference immigrants determined in accordance with Section 201 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) is 226,000. The fiscal year 2010 limit for employment-based preference immigrants calculated under INA 201 is 150,657. Section 202 prescribes that the per-country limit for preference immigrants is set at 7% of the total annual family-sponsored and employment-based preference limits, i.e., 26,366 for FY-2010. The dependent area limit is set at 2%, or 7,533.
3. Section 203 of the INA prescribes preference classes for allotment of immigrant visas as follows:
FAMILY-SPONSORED PREFERENCES
First: Unmarried Sons and Daughters of Citizens: 23,400 plus any numbers not required for fourth preference.
Second: Spouses and Children, and Unmarried Sons and Daughters of Permanent Residents: 114,200, plus the number (if any) by which the worldwide family preference level exceeds 226,000, and any unused first preference numbers:
A. Spouses and Children: 77% of the overall second preference limitation, of which 75% are exempt from the per-country limit;
B. Unmarried Sons and Daughters (21 years of age or older): 23% of the overall second preference limitation.
Third: Married Sons and Daughters of Citizens: 23,400, plus any numbers not required by first and second preferences.
Fourth: Brothers and Sisters of Adult Citizens: 65,000, plus any numbers not required by first three preferences.
EMPLOYMENT-BASED PREFERENCES
First: Priority Workers: 28.6% of the worldwide employment-based preference level, plus any numbers not required for fourth and fifth preferences.
Second: Members of the Professions Holding Advanced Degrees or Persons of Exceptional Ability: 28.6% of the worldwide employment-based preference level, plus any numbers not required by first preference.
Third: Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers: 28.6% of the worldwide level, plus any numbers not required by first and second preferences, not more than 10,000 of which to "Other Workers".
Fourth: Certain Special Immigrants: 7.1% of the worldwide level.
Fifth: Employment Creation: 7.1% of the worldwide level, not less than 3,000 of which reserved for investors in a targeted rural or high-unemployment area, and 3,000 set aside for investors in regional centers by Sec. 610 of P.L. 102-395.
4. INA Section 203(e) provides that family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas be issued to eligible immigrants in the order in which a petition in behalf of each has been filed. Section 203(d) provides that spouses and children of preference immigrants are entitled to the same status, and the same order of consideration, if accompanying or following to join the principal. The visa prorating provisions of Section 202(e) apply to allocations for a foreign state or dependent area when visa demand exceeds the per-country limit. These provisions apply at present to the following oversubscribed chargeability areas: CHINA-mainland born, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, INDIA, MEXICO, and PHILIPPINES.
SEE CHART BELOW
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